Audit Method: Best practices in Audit Documentation

ISA 230, deal with the auditor’s responsibility to prepare the audit documentation. Audit Documentation is defined in ISA 230 as “The record of audit procedures performed, relevant audit evidence obtained, and conclusions the auditor reached (terms such as “working papers” or “workpapers” are also sometimes used).” The auditor shall prepare audit documentation that is sufficient to enable an experienced auditor, having no previous connection with the audit, to understand

• ·         The nature, timing and extent of the audit procedures performed
• ·         The results of the audit procedures performed
• ·         Significant matters arising during the audit and the conclusions reached thereon

In documenting the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures performed, the auditor shall record:

• ·         The identifying characteristics of the specific items or matters tested;
• ·         Who performed the audit work and the date such work was completed; and
• ·         Who reviewed the audit work performed and the date and extent of such review.

The auditor shall assemble the audit documentation in an audit file and complete the administrative process of assembling the final audit file on a timely basis. After the assembly of the final audit file has been completed, the auditor shall not delete or discard audit documentation of any nature before the end of its retention period.

Audit documentation may be recorded on paper or on electronic or other media. Examples of audit documentation include:

• ·         Audit programs.
• ·         Analyses.
• ·         Issues memoranda.
• ·         Summaries of significant matters.
• ·         Letters of confirmation and representation.
• ·         Checklists.
• ·         Correspondence (including e-mail) concerning significant matters.

However it should be kept in mind that neither auditing standards nor any audit firm policy prohibits the audit team members from including documentation in the file that they believe necessary to support their work.

Practice

Documentation prepared after the audit work has been performed is likely to be less accurate than documentation prepared at the time such work is performed. ISQC 1, requires firms to establish policies and procedures for the timely completion of the assembly of audit files. An appropriate time limit within which to complete the assembly of the final audit file is ordinarily not more than 60 days after the date of the auditor’s report.

Audit Firm: US PCAOB regulation of US Audit Firms

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) is a private-sector, nonprofit corporation established by the U.S. Congress to oversee the audits of public companies in United States in order to protect investors and the public interest by promoting informative, accurate, and independent audit reports. In U.S in early 2000, when the Enron and WorldCom Scandal came to surface, the congress felt the need for more strict regulations for the audit firms and thus promulgated the Sarbanes Oxley Act on July 30, 2002. This act mandated the formation of PCAOB to oversee the audit of public companies that are subject to the securities laws, in order to protect the interests of investors and further the public interest in the preparation of informative, accurate, and independent audit reports for companies the securities of which are sold to, and held by public investors.

Before the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the audit profession was self-regulated in U.S., but after its promulgation, it required that auditors of U.S. public companies be subject to external and independent oversight for the first time in history. In passing this Act, Congress sought to restore investor confidence and address serious gaps in the U.S. regulatory framework that were identified through the financial scandals of 2001-2002. The PCAOB comprises of five members, including the Chairman and are appointed to staggered five-year terms by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The PCAOB has five primary responsibilities:

·         Registration of public accounting firms (including non-US firms) that audit public companies (including non-US issuers) trading in US securities markets;

·         Inspections of registered public accounting firms;

·         Establishment of auditing and related attestation, quality control, ethics, and independence standards for registered public accounting firms; and

·         Investigation and discipline of registered public accounting firms and their associated persons for violations of specified laws or professional standards.

·         Enforcing compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Additional Thoughts

Although the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, through establishment of PCAOB, introduced much strict regulations for the audit profession, but the WorldCom and Enron scandal alongwith the dissolution of the then big five firm Arthur Andersen which was found guilty of fudging Enron accounts, brought a great disrepute for the profession. Audit firms need to develop a sense of self-regulation and high ethical standards so that the investors and public in general endow trust upon the profession.

Reference: https://goo.gl/YU1dgc

                  https://goo.gl/mpKGaX

Audit News Briefing: 7 July 2016

Audit-is-cool is pleased to accumulate and provide its readers with the news on audit and related topics:

July 7, 2016

CPAPracticeAdvisor.com

Financial Execs Struggle To Measure and Mitigate Risks

Accounting and Audit segment of CPA Practice Advisor highlighted this struggle through managing editor Isaac M. O’Bannon.

Basis: New Survey conducted by Grant Thornton LLP. Accounting and Business Consultancy, which states – Almost two-thirds of executives or 64% see strategic risk as a highly significant threat to their organizations compared to other types of risk – including compliance risk, operational risk and financial risk.

Among the important audit issues highlighted are as follows:

·         21% of organizations don’t rate third parties by the risks they pose, and nearly half or 41% don’t audit any of their third parties.

·         For departments involved in GRC activities, 43% of executives cite skill shortages in audit departments, while 38% cite skill shortages in operations leadership/management departments.

Please follow link for details: http://www.cpapracticeadvisor.com/news/12229007/financial-execs-struggle-to-measure-and-mitigate-risks

July 5, 2016

Australian Financial Review

The Big Four firms are now more technology than accounting

AFR data editor Edmund Tadros recently raised the concern that fast-growing areas of consulting, technology and digital services have already outpaced the companies’ original accounting roots. “Only one in five partners appointed to PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte, EY and KPMG in the past year were in the traditional businesses of audit and assurance,” he said.

According to Lynn Kraus, the head of markets at EY Oceania: “Over the last two years, the acquisitions that the big four firms have been making are hugely different to four or five years ago … At EY, we've made six acquisitions over 24 months, all with a lens for this whole concept for digital and cyber skills.”

Please follow link for details: http://www.afr.com/business/accounting/the-big-four-firms-now-more-technology-than-accounting-20160701-gpwsd7

June 30, 2016

AccountancyAge

One in 20 audit firms quit as market evolves

June 2016 Key Facts and Trends in the Accounting Profession

By Financial Reporting Council (FRC.org.uk)

https://www.frc.org.uk/Our-Work/Publications/Professional-Oversight/Key-Facts-and-Trends-2016.pdf

This is the FRC (watchdog) publication report which head editor Kevin Reed have recently featured in Accountancy Age. It indicated considerable changes in the accounting profession, particularly in the field of audit — 304 practices have dropped their audit licence since December 2014. Taking into account that in 2004, there were 9,950 that are into UK’s accounting profession – it extensively decreased to 6,331 or a 4.6% fall.

Please follow link for details: https://www.accountancyage.com/2016/06/30/one-in-20-audit-firms-quit-as-market-evolves/

June 27, 2016

The Straits Times

Audit sector 'can benefit from opportunities tech brings'

Singapore-based English daily broadsheet newspaper featured the important role of technology in the accounting profession. Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam said, "The audit sector is one which can leverage new technologies to develop new capabilities in advanced audit analytics." This is during his opening address at Deloitte University Asia Pacific in Amara Sanctuary Resort in Sentosa, a centre set up by the Big Four accounting firm to groom employees into leaders.

Please follow link for details: http://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/audit-sector-can-benefit-from-opportunities-tech-brings

Audit Method: Quality Review

ISA 220, deals with quality control for an audit of financial statements. Engagement teams have a responsibility to implement quality control procedures that are applicable to the audit engagement and that are within the context of the firm’s system of quality control. The objective of the auditor is to implement quality control procedures at the engagement level that provide the auditor with reasonable assurance that:

• The audit complies with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements; and
• The auditor’s report issued is appropriate in the circumstances.

ISQC 1, deals with the firm’s responsibilities to establish and maintain its system of quality control for audit engagements. The system of quality control includes policies and procedures that address each of the following elements:

• Leadership responsibilities for quality within the firm;
• Relevant ethical requirements;
• Acceptance and continuance of client relationships and specific engagements;
• Human resources;
• Engagement performance; and
• Monitoring.

For audits of financial statements of listed entities, and those other audit engagements, if any, for which the firm has determined that an engagement quality control review is required, the engagement partner shall:

• Determine that an engagement quality control reviewer has been appointed;
• Discuss significant matters arising during the audit engagement, including those identified during the engagement quality control review, with the engagement quality control reviewer; and
• Not date the auditor’s report until the completion of the engagement quality control review.

Practice

The engagement partner shall take responsibility for the overall quality on each audit engagement to which that partner is assigned. The engagement partner should ensure that

• Appropriate procedures regarding the acceptance and continuance of client relationships and audit engagements have been followed;
• All ethical requirements are met;
• Independence criterion is met;
• Assignment of team members is appropriate;
• Overall direction, supervision and monitoring of the audit engagement is carried out.

Audit Firm: Impact of Brexit on Audit Firms in UK & Europe

On June 23, 2016, the UK voted to leave the European Union (EU) voluntarily. Amid the highest turnout at a UK-wide vote since 1992, with a 70% turnout rate, the Leave campaign received 52% of the referendum, compared to 48% received by the Remain campaign. The particulars of how the UK will leave the EU will be the subject of negotiations for at least the next two years.

Economists anticipate market and currency instability in the short-term, but the longer term implications will depend heavily on the details of how the UK unravels its participation in the EU. Economists are also anticipating several years of uncertainty, and uncertainty typically does not indicate positive signs for financial markets or economic indicators. Uncertainty among businesses would see a brake applied to investment and deal-making, which would hit one among the most lucrative of areas for accounting practitioners – transactional services market.

From one perspective, for the accountancy sector, the EU is maybe less important as the share of revenue generated by clients in other EU countries is just 4.2%. However, as key major companies and banks might relocate from London to Frankfurt in near future – this will mean a lot less money for accounting firms, but there may be a recovery later.

British relationships with the IASB, which lay outside the EU will remain unchanged. As the UK has always been a keen proponent of IFRS, thus it is unlikely that there would be any retreat to British accounting standards after Brexit. One more area on which accountants are focused are the potential tax implications. Taxation has remained a policy area over which EU member states retain close control. Now after the Brexit vote, EU laws on direct and indirect taxation will cease to apply within the UK, and Britain will regain the right to vary its VAT and excise duty rates beyond the restrictions imposed by EU legislation.

Workload is likely to increase for audit firms due to Brexit but their lucrative value-added services offerings may suffer as a result. Auditors would struggle to provide high-value advice to their clients, instead having to focus on technical questions borne out of the UK leaving the EU.

Additional Thoughts

Nobody can predict with certainty what is going to happen after the Brexit. It is an extraordinary event and determined by many unknown factors. The audit firms should consider what it will look like in the future and should assess their client base. To secure the longevity of the practice, audit firms need to ensure that their client base is well spread. 

References:

http://goo.gl/BV4xGs

http://goo.gl/e85sOH

Brexit chronicles

There are some interesting articles on Brexit. The FT and Economist provide the analysis and some predictions. Please see the links:

• Brexit and the City: Europe plots a bank heist
• Brexit business tracker
• Brexit and the City of London. From folly to Fragmentation

#EYDisrupt

Have you considered the power of your connections? LinkedIn will present at our next #EYDisrupt event on 14 July. To RSVP please click here.